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Sources & Key Research — Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

The research and references behind Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS).

[1] Zhang, S. et al. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for chronic insomnia disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 2024. Read study.

[2] Gurel, N. Z. et al. Transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation reduces sympathetic responses to stress in posttraumatic stress disorder: A double-blind, randomized, sham controlled trial. Neurobiology of Stress, 2020. Read study.

[3] Conway, C. R. et al. Vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: A one-year, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Brain Stimulation, 2025. Read study.

[4] Kim, A. Y. et al. Safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 2022. Read review.

[5] gammaCore. Important safety information. Read safety information.

[6] Mayo Clinic. Vagus nerve stimulation. Read overview.

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