Sources & Key Research — Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

[1] Woodham, R. D. et al. Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation treatment for major depressive disorder: a fully remote phase 2 randomized sham-controlled trial. Nature Medicine, 2025. Read study.

[2] Ren, C. et al. Transcranial electrical stimulation in treatment of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open, 2025. Read review.

[3] Borrione, L. et al. Home-use transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of a major depressive episode: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 2024. Read study.

[4] Therapeutic Goods Administration. Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods: Transcranial electrical stimulation system, continuous-current, home-use (ARTG 510555). View entry.

[5] Wen, Y. H. et al. Therapeutic effects of tDCS on behavioral and cognitive functions in adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2025. Read review.

[6] Nasiri, F. et al. Augmenting the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders with transcranial direct current stimulation in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020. Read study.

[7] van ’t Wout-Frank, M. et al. Virtual reality and transcranial direct current stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 2024. Read study.