Sources & Key Research — Ketamine-Assisted Therapy

[1] Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Medicine status: Esketamine (Spravato). Read more.

[2] healthdirect. Spravato. Read more.

[3] Wasolua, M. et al. (2026). A systematic review of long-term safety outcomes of ketamine and esketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. Read the review.

[4] Simpson, R. J. & Juruena, M. F. (2026). Effectiveness of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review. Psychopharmacology. Read the review.

[5] Berman, R. M. et al. (2000). Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biological Psychiatry. Read the study.

[6] Zarate, C. A. et al. (2006). A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. Read the study.

[7] Veraart, J. K. E. et al. (2026). Ketamine-assisted psychotherapies for mental disorders: a historical overview and systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review. Read the review.

[8] Grunebaum, M. F. et al. (2018). Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal thoughts in major depression: a midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. Read the study.

[9] Wilkinson, S. T. et al. (2018). The effect of a single dose of intravenous ketamine on suicidal ideation: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. Read the review.

[10] Dore, J. et al. (2019). Ketamine assisted psychotherapy (KAP): patient demographics, clinical data and outcomes in three large practices administering ketamine with psychotherapy. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. Read the study.

[11] Janssen-Aguilar, R. et al. (2025). Role of ketamine in the treatment of substance use disorders: a systematic review. Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment. Read the review.

[12] Wilkinson, S. T. et al. (2017). Cognitive behavior therapy may sustain antidepressant effects of intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. Read the study.

[13] Martins Varela, Y. et al. (2026). Exploratory non-randomized clinical trial of subcutaneous esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: effects of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy. Journal of Affective Disorders. Read the study.

[14] RACGP newsGP (2025). New treatment for resistant depression added to PBS. Read more.